15 It is true that Rainer explored emotional material in live pieces such as Grand Union Dreams, Performance, and later the staged version of Story about a Woman Who.... But, I speculate, even treating emotional material on stage in her own distanciating idiom, was not, from her point of view, as effective as rendering it on film. For as long as the human body remains present to the spectator, the potential for emotional response is highly likely. Film, on the other hand, can be used in such a way that the medium itself becomes an alienation technique in its own right (by decorporealizing, disembodying, and, thereby, distancing the human presence of the performers from the audience).